Play represents Asia Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Play represents Asia - Assignment Example This paper will argue that the play Bicycle by O Tae-sok provides the audience with a unique image of Korea that consists of a number of unusual as well as traditional elements. To begin with, one should define the concept of representation of Asia. It would not be a mistake to point out that this region is extremely vast an diverse; so, a detailed explanation is needed. This particular play represents Korea: a country which has retained some of its traditional ways of life, but has been following a socially accepted paradigm of development for a long time. Indeed, the piece of art in question might be viewed as a metaphor reflection into the past (Lee 211). In addition to that, the historical accuracy is what really makes this play moving (O 4). Thus, one is able to conclude that representation of a particular part of Asia is based on two elements: depiction of traditional elements of culture as well as representation of aspects of social order. The uniqueness of topic that will be discussed is apparent from the very first lines of the play: it puts great emphasis on the notion of duty in the Korean society. There are several examples that might prove it. Thus, the main character has a relative who have survived a horrible fire and considers himself to be guilty of his luck. However, unlike Europeans who would celebrate this, every year he cuts his face, reminding himself that his compatriots died at the hands of the enemy, but he survived. A similar focus on the social duty is seen later in the text when the main character confesses turning in his friend to police because he practiced medicine without license and had almost no knowledge about the topic. The dichotomy between friendship and duty is easily resolved in the Asian society in favor of the latter. Another point which shows a peculiar world of Asia focuses on the important place that is occupied by the bureaucrats in the society. To begin with, one should note

Analysis of No Exit, and Existentialism Essay Example for Free

Analysis of No Exit, and Existentialism Essay No Exits central themes of freedom and responsibility come from Sartres doctrine that existence precedes essence. Sartre believed that a being-for-itself differed from inanimate objects, or a being-in-itself, since humans have the ability to choose and define their individual characteristics. But with this freedom of choice comes the absolute responsibility for ones action. The fear and anxiety of this responsibility leads many people to ignore both their freedom and their responsibility by letting other people make their choices for them, resulting in bad faith. This bad faith is what causes Garcin to be unable to leave the room when the door opens. He cant handle the responsibility of confronting his decision to flee his country, and thus leaves it up to Inez to judge him and define his essence. Similarly, Estelle does not think that she exists unless she looks in a mirror, seeing herself as others do. When Inez pretends to be her mirror and says Estelle has a pimple on her face, Estelles bad faith causes her to accept someone else literally creating her essence. Both Estelle and Garcin are not only condemned to be free, but are willing to condemn themselves in order to avoid being free. This emphasis on bad faith establishes Sartres underlying argument of the play: Hell is other people. Using only three people and an empty room, Sartre evokes scenes of utter torture and despair. Garcin and Estelle refuse to let go of their pasts, each looking at their friends and loved ones back on earth. They attempt to justify their existence by only thinking about their past experiences: as Garcin explains, his fate is the evaluation of his past actions by other people. Inez however, sees her past as meaningless and inaccessible, choosing to exist in the present instead. Inez is the only character in the play intent on confronting both her responsibility and her suffering.

Digital Technologys Impact On The Film Industry Media Essay

Digital Technologys Impact On The Film Industry Media Essay Digital technology in the last decade has completely transformed the film industry. Focusing on the key methods of film making and the impact that technology has had on each area, this editorial will look at recent modifications in the pre-production part of film making, followed by a look at the new equipment and storage facilities being used by modern filmmakers. Film distribution and the negative impacts that technology has had on the field, particularly on the illegal sale and piracy of copyrighted material is investigated. Post-theatre film distribution and the changing breakthrough technologies in this field are explored to look at the constant changes in education and training of professionals in the film industry. Computer generated graphics and its increasing impact on the film industry is covered, and the future of the industry is predicted. Digital tools and technology have altered the script writing process by making use of the internet and digital editing tools. The internet is being used by scriptwriters to forward their scripts to directors and potential cast members but it also caters for peer reviews by way of online forums (Huang 2004). There has been a significant increase in the last decade in the use of digital video cameras for low-budget film shooting along with higher definition video which is set to match and go beyond the standard 35 mm film both in the quality and flexibility (Culkin Randle 2003, p.5). The post production phase of film making has arguably been the most significantly impacted by new trends in technology. The introduction of non-linear technology has made the use of hand edited films inefficient, and too time consuming. This process, created by Avid, involves piecing together the film in a virtual environment where both the director and editor view the output on a screen (Culkin Randle 2 003, p.8). The entire process of filmmaking has been digitalized, everything from the distribution to the projection of films to audiences. However, the lack of standards and commercial agreements between distributors and exhibitors has slowed down the conversion to digital technologies. For example, only 170 cinemas around the world have converted to what is known as high-end digital (Culkin Randle 2003, p.9). Profit margins for movie studios are reported to be decreasing, now being outnumbered by the video game industry. Satellite delivery of feature films to cinemas have recently made its debut and reports indicate that upon full implementation of using this method of film distribution can save the film industry in excess of $700 million per annum (Markman Vega 2001, p. 1). A major downside for the film industry is that recent technological breakthroughs have made the piracy of copyrighted material very affordable. Primarily for music and film content, this has lead to some major lawsuits against peer-to-peer networks and individuals as a result of the copying and distribution of these materials. This is one of the film industries main issues it will have to overcome when the public has access to this low cost copying equipment (peer-to-peer networks, DVD and CD writers). Suffice to say that it has never been so easy for frauds or even honest users to created perfect versatile copies of films (Markman Vega 2001, p.1). However, the film industry has attempted to decrease the risk of  ¿Ã‚ ½pirates ¿Ã‚ ½ copying movies by creating the Content Scrambling System (CSS). With this encryption algorithm, only authentic DVD products which contain the decryption algorithm can play the movie. This technology rearranges the audio and video on the DVD so that only a DVD with its decryption algorithm can play the film correctly. It was also created to prevent users from copying data from DVDs. However, not long after a Norwegian teenage boy reverse engineered a DVD player which contained the decryption algorithm, cracked the CSS code and uploaded the decryption software for users around the world to use (Markman Vega 2001, p.2). The post-theatre market accounts roughly for three quarters of a film ¿Ã‚ ½s profits during its lifetime. The largest of these are video rental stores which account for nearly half of all proceeds. The DVD has completely changed the industry, becoming the fastest growing consumer electronics item of all time (Culkin Randle 2003, p.5). DVD ¿Ã‚ ½s have undoubtedly increased movie studios ¿Ã‚ ½ income when it decided to provide content to the home end consumer with incredible sound and picture quality which does not degrade like ordinary VHS cassettes (Markman Vega 2001, p.2). A new and rapidly growing area in the distribution market is  ¿Ã‚ ½Movie-on-demand ¿Ã‚ ½. This is where consumers download movies over the internet instead of going down to their local video store. The advantage of this technology is clear: no late fees and no inconvenience for traveling (Culkin Randle 2003, p.17). Rapid modifications in the film industry in recent years have forced many professionals in the audio and visual industries to acquire new and specialized skills. This is an ongoing process in some industries, one example is that the post-production industries are required to have constant upgrades of tools and software which leads to continual re-training of staff which in turns increase production costs (Culkin Randle 2003, p.18). Future allocations might involve allowing editors in different countries to edit film by accessing digitized media on a server without actually leaving the comfort of his or her house or office. The same will be possible for all kinds of sound editing (Bishop, Case, Axarlis, Plante Allsop 2000). Satellite distributions to cinemas are at the forefront of future film distributions. George Lucas, the author and director of the Star Wars series, is preparing to use satellite technology to display the next episode in cinemas. This process of digitally distributing and exhibiting the film through data projectors are known as E-Cinema. Inexpensive and flexible distribution is the main advantage of this process; however Cinemas will have to acquire substantial expenses when converting from film to digital projection. This technology is very much still in the development stage and the impact that E-Cinema will have on film making is not yet clear (Bishop, Case, Axarlis, Plante Allsop 2000). Gregory Huang ¿Ã‚ ½s article entitled  ¿Ã‚ ½The New Face of Hollywood ¿Ã‚ ½ examines the advancement in computer animated graphics in the past year. Recent blockbuster movies like Spiderman 3 and Beowulf are good examples of how far computer generated graphics have come in recent years. The film industry has progressed into a stage whereby every single event during the film making process can be computer generated (Sagar in Huang 2004). In the past, digital representations of faces have not looked  ¿Ã‚ ½real ¿Ã‚ ½ when one looked at it closely as it is a lot easier to make non-human objects like dinosaurs  ¿Ã‚ ½real ¿Ã‚ ½; however, advances in rendering human skin, lighting digital scenes and examining human actors are now allowing animation engineers to control the texture and movement of every little square of pixels in an animated skin. Huang (2004) reports that an average budget for a blockbuster movie is approximately $150 million where it is not uncommon to see mo re than 50% of funding allocated to computer generated effects. It is clear that there has not been one area within the film industry that has not been at least somewhat impacted by technology over the last 5 years. The major impacts for pre-production stage have been the development of script-writing tools as well as the increased use of the internet to distribute scripts to directors and other interested parties. Generally equipment costs have reduced while at the same time quality and flexibility of the products have dramatically increased. The birth of non-linear technology has all but made hand edited films an extinct specie and fast-tracked the whole editing process (Culkin Randle 2003, p.5). Major advancements have been made with satellite distributions to cinemas recently making its debut. The major concern with improving technologies for end-users is that it has become extremely easy for consumers to copy copyrighted material and suffice to say that is arguably one of the biggest battles the film industry will face during the coming yea rs (Markman Vega 2001, p.2). DVD ¿Ã‚ ½s are the leading technology in the post-theatre film market, with  ¿Ã‚ ½Movies-on-demand ¿Ã‚ ½ set to explode exponentially over the coming years (Culkin Randle 2003, p.17). Finally this article examined the amazing advances in computer generated effects in films the past year, and today the industry has reached a stage where every conceivable scene can be computer generated if resources are committed to achieve the desired goal. Technology is set to continue to revolutionize the film industry for many years to come (Huang 2004).

Decision Making at the Executive Level Essay -- Business Management Pa

Decision Making at the Executive Level The focus of my term paper is the decision making process used by today's top-level managers. Top-level managers, such as Chief Executive Officers (CEOs), Chief Operations Officers (COOs), and Chief Financial Officers (CFOs), must make critical decisions on a daily basis. Their choices and the resulting outcomes affect the company, the employees, and the stakeholders. Due to the high importance of their decisions, the process they use to reach them merits a close examination. A study published in the winter 1997 volume of Business Strategy Review suggests the major factor in a decisions success is the decision process itself. The study, by Paul Nutt, suggests that poor decision making processes cost North American businesses billions of dollars each year. The study also proposes that most managers don't realize the importance of the process, and it's effect on the success of the decision. Before analyzing the decision process in depth, the measurement of success must be established. Nutt used two broad measures to determine the success of decisions made. First, was the decision implemented fully. Second, was the decision still effective two years after implementation. Based on these measures, only half of the decisions in the study were considered successful. Nutt concluded that much time and money was therefore wasted on these unsuccessful decisions. So during what part of the decision making process did these top-level managers go wrong? In general, many managers often rush to a decision and stick by it, even when it continues to fail. Another cause of unsuccessful decisions is that the managers did not include those most affected by the outcome in the decision mak... ...n decisions, often increasing the chance of success. Unfortunately, most executives don't use this strategy in their decision process. Executives often rush to decisions in order to remove the feeling of uncertainty by not coming to a decision. This impulsive strategy fails because the decision maker does not include enough key people in the decision process itself. If managers would be more confident and take the time to properly assess the decisions they face, the success rate would increase and therefore save much time and money. Bibliography: Works Cited 1. Kroll, Karen M., "Costly omission", Industry Week, July 8, 1998, p 20. 2. Information Access Company, "Avoiding stupid management moves", American Printer, March 1997, v218 n6, p 94. 3. Nutt, Paul, "Better decision-making: a field study", Business Strategy Review, Winter 1997, v8, pp 45-53.

An Analysis of the Urban Issue of Tuberculosisin the Bourough of Newham

1.Introduction Tuberculosis is a very serious infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs, causing cough and breathing difficulties. The infection also causes systemic effects including fever, night sweats and weight loss (Ellner, 2011). In some cases, the infection can spread beyond the lungs and affect the bone/joints, lymph nodes, abdomen and blood stream (Ormerod, 2003). The disease is caused by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis (WHO, 2014), which is spread through respiratory droplets. These droplets are passed when an infected individual coughs or sneezes and the droplets become inhaled by another person (NHS, 2014). Despite this easy method of transmission, tuberculosis is not readily transmitted, and therefore is most likely to affect those in close contact such as family or household members (Castillo-Chavez & Feng). Tuberculosis represents a significant risk of morbidity and mortality and represents a significant cost to society to treat and manage. Tuberculosis has particul arly shown to be a problem in cities, whereby the rates of increase are greater than those of rural areas (Anderson et al. 2006). This essay will address the reasons as to why tuberculosis affects urban areas (the sick city hypothesis), and look in to why tuberculosis contributes to this urban health penalty. As an exemplar of an urban environment suffering from the burden of tuberculosis, this essay will focus on the London borough of Newham. Newham has a tuberculosis rate 8 times higher than the national average and 3 times that of London. This essay aims to investigate the aetiology behind the incidence, and to find ways of reducing the rates of tuberculosis among individuals in the London borough of Newham. The paper will include the intervention strategies and how they should be implemented in order to reduce the rates of new infections and encourage men to get tested and get early treatment before the spread of infection. 2.Tuberculosis in an Urban Environment Tuberculosis tends to be regarded as a problem of the past, and was responsible for 20-30% of all mortality in 17th-19th century Europe (Dye & Williams, 2010). The incidence of tuberculosis declined throughout the 20th century (Watson & Maguire, 1997), however, the disease has been slowly returning to London since the 1980’s (Great Britain 2008, p. 19). The problem seems to be worsening in urban areas. This is illustrated by the example of London, where 3,302 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported in 2010 (Fullman & Strachan 2013, p. 25), a figure that has more than doubled since 1992 (Anderson et al 2006). In 2006, the incidence of tuberculosis in London was 41.5 people in 100,000, a figure that represented the highest number of new cases in any major city in Western Europe (Anderson et al, 2006). Dyer (2010, p. 34) claims that the London borough of Newham is the most affected with some people already referring to it as the TB capital of the affluent western world. In f act, the rates of tuberculosis in Newham are currently higher than that in some impoverished countries. Vassall (2009, p. 48) suggest that Newham has 108 cases per 100,000 and Anderson et al suggest a 2001 figure of 116/100,000, figures that are more than half that in India (174 cases per 100,000) (Public Health England, 2012). Newham has a population of 308,000 with a population density of 85.1 per hectare as compared to 31 in central London (UK Census, 2012). These figures suggest that even in the populated city of London, Newham is an area of urbanisation, with a large number of people concentrated into a relatively small area. The increase of tuberculosis has been described as a ‘penalty for high density urban living’ (Dye 2010, p.859), likely due to the increased potential for transmission in overcrowding, and the increased rates of immigration to inner-city areas. Bhunu and Mushavabasa (2012) propose that tuberculosis thrives in conditions of overcrowding and poverty, issues that are common in urban areas. The high rates of tuberculosis in cities such as London, and areas of urbanization such as Newham, suggest that the incidence of tuberculosis is indeed an urban issue. Newham fulfills the criteria of high immigration rates and being an area of deprivation.. Newham has a diverse ethnic population, with 61% of the people being non-white (Farrar & Manson 2013, p. 54). The population of ethnic minorities continues to grow along with the increasing numbers of refugees and asylum seekers in greater London. Another aspect of urbanisation illustrated in the borough of Newham is that of deprivation and overcrowding. Farrar & Manson (2013, p. 16) claim that Newham ranks as the third most deprived borough in inner London. Most of the people here live in tower housing and overcrowded conditions that are the perfect condition for the spread of tuberculosis. There is a positive correlation between poor housing and poverty and the prevalence of tuberculosis, which is very clear in Newham as evidenced by the findings of 108 and 116 cases per 100,000 people (Vassal, 2009; Anderson et al., 2001). The aetiology of the issue of tuberculosis is highlighted when considering the distribution of the disease across Newham. The occurrence of disease is not evenly spread across the borough, with 70% of cases coming from Manor Park, Green Street and East Ham. These boroughs represent areas of population increase, overcrowding and higher levels of those living in poverty. Manor Park and Green Street also sho w differing dynamics of tuberculosis incidence, representing an overall increase of 40% since 2006 whilst all other areas of Newham either remained static or showed slight decrease (Malone et al 2009, p. 23). It can be seen that tuberculosis presents a significant urban issue, especially when comparing incidence in an urban area such as Newham to those less urbanised areas. Bromley has a population of 309,000 and a population density of 20 per hectare, in comparison to Newham’s population density of 80 per hectare (UK Census, 2012). Tuberculosis incidence in Bromley is between 0-19 per 100,000 compared to that of Newham, which is five times greater at 80-100 per 100,000 (Anderson et al., 2006). It is for this reason that necessary intervention strategies need to be formulated and implemented to help reduce the rates of tuberculosis among individuals living in Newham. 3. The Influence of Urbanisation on Tuberculosis Incidence While the global rates of tuberculosis are declining, the disease is showing steady increase in the United Kingdom. In 2012, 8751 new cases of the disease were identified in the country with 39% coming from London (Fullman and Strachan 2013, p. 43). Indeed London has the highest rates of the disease in Western Europe with Newham borough having the highest rates in the UK. Jindal (2011, p. 55) claims that the rate of tuberculosis in some London boroughs is more than twice higher than the threshold used by the world health organisation to define high rates. These higher incidences support the notion of a sick city hypothesis where there are greater levels of ill health than in rural areas, and may be due to the presence of factors in an urban environment that contribute to ill health (an urban health penalty). One factor that may contribute to the urban health penalty is that of immigration. Cities are easier to access than rural areas, provide areas of congregation and provide more fa cilities for immigrating families and individuals. The majority of individuals suffering from tuberculosis are people born outside the United Kingdom, with 75% of cases in 2003 being born abroad (Anderson et al., 2006). A reason for the high incidence in those born abroad but now living in the UK is exacerbated by the nature of tuberculosis. On initial infection, tuberculosis is confined by the immune system with only around 5% of cases experiencing symptoms within the first two years of infection (Narasimhan et al., 2013). The remainder of cases harbour a latent infection which may reactivate later in life, with about 10-15% of those infected going on to develop an active disease (Narasimhan et al., 2013). This insidious nature combined with the later activation of the disease explains why many people do not get the disease until later in life. It is likely that it is contracted in their country of birth, however then manifests much later once they have moved to the UK. Statistics indicate that over 90% of the residents in Newham diagnosed with the disease in 2011 were born outside the United Kingdom (Fullman and Strachan, 2013, p. 33). Among these, 50% arrived in the country in the last five years. In the same year tuberculosis diagnosis increased by 25% compared to 2010 (Fullman and Strachan, 2013), possibly as a reflection of the increased immigration. Additionally to a high immigrant population bringing significant disease burden from their countries of birth, London and Newham both represent many of the other issues of urbanisation and urban health penalty that can contribute to the high incidence of tuberculosis. Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of developing tuberculosis (Campbell and Spector, 2012; Chan, 1999). This is an important association in urban populations, as the living and working conditions foster less access to sunlight (the major source of vitamin D). Additionally, Asian immigrants present a problem of low vitamin D due to vegetarian diets, and a tendency to cover up their skin, not allowing to take advantage of the small amount of sunlight available (Chan, 1999). As previously mentioned, Newham is an area of both high urbanisation and with a large immigrant population, and 38.6% of the population being of Asian descent (London Borough of Newham, 2010). The immigrant population of urban areas such as Newham also present a non-vaccinated proportion of society. Whilst the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis was introduced in the UK in the 1950s and was shown to provide a reduction in risk of contracting tuberculosis (Colditz et al., 1994), those immigrating were less likely to receive this vaccination on moving to the UK. London also represents cases of tuberculosis that are socially and medically complex. As a hugely populated area, London includes those with HIV infection and presents other risk factors such as onward transmission and poor treatment. HIV is one of the m ost powerful risk factors for tuberculosis, with a incidence rate of 20 times higher in those that are HIV positive (Dye and Williams, 2010). People’s attitudes towards and access to healthcare also present a complex mix of factors which contribute to an increased incidence of many health problems, including that of tuberculosis. Those in impoverished areas have reduced access to healthcare, which may stem from many reasons such as complex needs, chaotic lifestyles, location of services, user ignorance, and language and literacy barriers (Szczepura, 2005). These can affect the disease process of tuberculosis from prevention, treatment of active disease, adherence to treatment and prevention of the health consequences. Especially problematic are misconceptions and a lack of understanding of the disease, leading to late presentation and delayed access to treatment (Figuera-Munoz and Ramon-Pardo, 2008) With the close living quarters in areas such as Newham, the spread of tubercu losis is facilitated. With poverty, poor housing and overcrowding, these areas concentrate several risk factors and lead to a greater spread of tuberculosis (Bates et al., 2004). These determinants therefore suggest that the incidence of tuberculosis in urban areas is a complex issue. Controlling and preventing tuberculosis in London requires effective social and economic tools that must be incorporated in the development of policies of control in treatment initiation. 4. Consequences and implications of tuberculosis on the general population Tuberculosis ranks with HIV/ AIDS and Malaria as one of the three main health challenges currently facing the world. The Commonwealth Health Ministers Update 2009 (2009, p. 41) indicates that 8 million new cases are reported globally each year. As previously mentioned, when combined with HIV, tuberculosis can prove lethal as the two diseases enhance the progress of each other. It is for this reason that tuberculosis is the major cause of death among HIV patients with the rate standing at 11% globally. The World Health Organization (2009, p. 27) indicates that tuberculosis is responsible for more deaths today than ever before, with approximately 2 million lives claimed by the disease annually. As well as the significant mortality contributed by tuberculosis, the morbidity of the disease can be extremely detrimental both socially and economically. Those with the active disease that are not receiving treatment have been shown to go on to infect 10-15 others every year (WHO, 1998). Those who do receive treatment face a long (up to six months) and complex treatment regime involving several medication side effects. This can affect adherence to the treatment regime, and lead to the disease developing a resistance to the treatment, with this drug resistant tuberculosis contributing to greater mortality and increased expense to treat (Ahlburg, 2000). As well as the significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to consider the economic impact of tuberculosis. The World Health Organisation estimated the cost to treat tuberculosis in 2000 as $250,000 US dollars (?150,000) in developed countries (Ahlburg, 2000). This presents a significant burden to the UK NHS, not to mention the time lost through not working which can dent the economy. London is a global world trade centre whose economy is shaped by global forces, particularly in terms of trade, labour and capital. As a gateway to both the UK and other parts of Europe and the rest of the world, London records a very large number of tourists and immigrant populations. This high number of people accelerates the spread of the disease as people carry it to the country from other parts of the world is indicated by the new infection patterns and is highlighted by the prevalence in immigrant populations. 5. Strategies and intervention for addressing tuberculosis Current UK guidelines for tuberculosis intervention were made by NICE in 2006 (updated 2011). The recommendations propose strategies for identifying those with latent (non-active) tuberculosis to prevent spread or reactivation and also specify criteria for treatment (NICE, 2011). Those recommended for screening for latent tuberculosis include close contacts of infected individuals, immigrants from high incidence countries, immunocompromised individuals, and healthcare workers. Whilst this strategy targets prevention of the spread of tuberculosis, they are only targeting specific groups, and it is likely in high incidence areas such as Newham, people will slip through the net. These guidelines have only changed minimally since 2006, and since then tuberculosis incidence has been on the increase in areas such as Newham, suggesting that changes may need to be made. High incidence areas of the UK such as Newham could learn from New York experience and copy the strategy it used in dealing with the disease. With the implementation of broadened initial treatment regimes, direct observed therapy, and improved guidelines for hospital control and disease prevention, the city managed to halt the progression of an epidemic (Frieden et al., 1995). As mentioned in the previous chapter, adherence to the lengthy treatment regime as well as a lack of understanding may contribute to the spread of tuberculosis. Directly observed therapy (DOT) involves observing the patient take each dose of their medication, with outreach workers travelling to their homes. Evidence from New York showed that through DOT, only 3% of patients in therapy were infectious, compared to a proposed 20% if not receiving DOT (Frieden et al., 1995). Current UK guidelines (NICE, 2006) do not recommend DOT, although they do state that it may be used in cases of patients with previous issues with adherence or at high risk. Although an expensive and time consuming process, if DOT can reduce infectious cases, thi s would also work as a preventative measure. There could be one allocated outreach nurse for the borough of Newham and other high-risk areas. Another method implemented in New York was the downsizing of large shelters for the homeless. These were breeding grounds for tuberculosis, and the subsequent reduction in overcrowding led to a decrease in transmission of the disease (Frieden et al., 1995). Whilst it is not possible to split people up from living with their families in crowded homes in terms of Newham, education about keeping those with tuberculosis from interacting with too many others in crowded conditions may be of benefit. The model should also borrow from those used by other cities like Paris and the rest of Europe in controlling tuberculosis with intervention at the level of the agent, individual and community levels. In Paris, Rieder (2002) suggested that prophylactic treatment could be used to prevent the disease occurring in those at risk, for example those in the hou sehold of an identified case of tuberculosis. Additionally, Rieder (2002) proposed that early or neonate vaccination be used especially in those in areas where tuberculosis is frequent, rarely diagnosed, and adequate contact examinations rarely feasible. It may be possible that in cases where lots of people are vaccinated that they may infer herd immunity and thus protect unvaccinated individuals from the disease. Once the populations have been protected and the incidence (number of new cases) of tuberculosis has been reduced, this allows for a reduction in the prevalence of tuberculosis (number of ongoing cases at any one point in time) with preventative chemotherapy that can treat sub-clinical, latent tuberculosis in the population. This preventative chemotherapy is likely to be extremely relevant to Newham due to the large immigrant population likely harbouring latent tuberculosis. On a country- or city-wide scale, these recommendations from New York and Paris provide excellent m odels for preventing the increase of tuberculosis any further. It is also important, however, to consider the individual communities in Newham, and to promote health awareness and an attitude towards taking responsibility for their health. Their needs to be an encouragement at the level of primary care where immigrant populations feel that they can approach healthcare, and education to encourage tuberculosis prevention and adherence to treatment. The strategy should be all-inclusive in order to encourage people to not only go for testing but also start and finish the treatment process. 6. Recommendations and conclusion Tuberculosis presents an important urban issue in the area of Newham. Incidence is greater than other areas of the UK, and is over half that of India. There are several factors contributing to this including a large immigrant population, crowding and overpopulation, access to healthcare and comorbid health problems such as vitamin D deficiency and HIV. The disease has considerable effect on morbidity and is responsible for high levels of mortality. Further consequences of the disease manifest as economic problems such as cost of treatment and loss of work. London and the UK already have policies and structures for controlling tuberculosis in place; however the implementation process is patchy across the city, and often dependent upon budget. In high-risk areas such as Newham, there is poor access of healthcare due to inaccurate beliefs on the disease, language and cultural barriers, and complex needs of the population. In the case of tuberculosis, these contribute to poor disease pre vention, delayed diagnosis and poor treatment adherence. All of which lead to an increase in transmission and health consequences. The area of Newham would benefit greatly from further education into tuberculosis, how to look for signs and how to get treatment. Encouraging good relationship with healthcare professionals and promoting access to healthcare through outreach programmes and targeting pharmacies may be helpful. Additionally, Newham should look to employ techniques used in New York and Paris, including DOT, prophylactic treatment and neonate vaccination to reduce both the prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis. References Ahlburg (2000). The economic impact of TB: ministerial conference Amsterdam, WHO Bates, I., Fenton, C., Gruber, J., Lalloo, D., Lara, A. M., Squire, S. B., †¦ and Tolhurst, R. (2004). ‘Vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS infection and disease. Part II: determinants operating at environmental and institutional level’. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 4(6), pp. 368-375. Bhunu, C. P., and Mushayabasa, S. (2012). ‘Assessing the effects of poverty in tuberculosis transmission dynamics’. Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36(9), pp. 4173-4185. Campbell, G. R., and Spector, S. A. (2012). ‘Vitamin D inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages through the induction of autophagy’. PLoS pathogens, vol. 8(5). Castillo-Chavez, C., and Feng, Z. (1997). ‘To treat or not to treat: the case of tuberculosis. Journal of mathematical biology’, vol. 35(6), pp. 629-656. Colditz, G. A., Brewer, T. F., Berkey, C. S., Wilson, M. E., Burdick, E., Fineberg, H. V., and Mosteller, F. (1994). ‘Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosismeta-analysis of the published literature’. Jama, vol. 271(9), pp. 698-702. Commonwealth Health Ministers Update 2009. (2009). Commonwealth Secretarial. Dye, C., and Williams, B. G. (2010). ‘The population dynamics and control of tuberculosis’. Science, vol 328(5980), pp. 856-861. Dyer, C. A. (2010). Tuberculosis. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood. Ellner JJ. Tuberculosis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman’s Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011: vol332. Farrar, J., & Manson, P. (2013). Manson’s tropical diseases. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Figueroa-Munoz, J. I., & Ramon-Pardo, P. (2008). Tuberculosis control in vulnerable groups. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(9), 733-735. Frieden, T. R., Fujiwara, P. I., Washko, R. M., and Hamburg, M. A. (1995). ‘Tuberculosis in New York City—turning the tide’. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 333(4), pp. 229-233. Fullman, J., & Strachan, D. (2013). Frommer’s London 2013. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Great Britain. (2008). Diseases know no frontiers: How effective are intergovernmental organisations in controlling their spread; 1st report of session, 2007-08. London: Stationery Office. Jindal, S. K. (2011). Textbook of pulmonary and critical care medicine. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. London Borough of Newham, (2010). Community Leaders and Engagement, Manor Park Community Forum Profile [Online], Available:http://www.newham.info/research/CFProfiles/ManorPark.pdf [12 April 2014]. Malone, C., Beasley, R. P., Bressler, J., Graviss, E. A., Vernon, S. W., & University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health. (2009). Trends in anti-tuberculosis drug resistan ce from 2003–2007 at Pham Ngoc Thach Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. (Masters Abstracts International, 47-5.) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2006) [Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis, and measures for its prevention and control]. [CG117]. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Ormerod, L.P. (2003) ‘Nonrespiratory tuberculosis. In Davies PDO (Ed) Clinical Tuberculosis. Third Edition. Arnold: London. pp. 125-153. Public Health England (2012), World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of tuberculosis incidence by rate, 2012 (sorted by rate). [Online] Available at: http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1317140584841 [12 April 2014]. Rieder, H. A. (2002). Interventions for Tuberculosis Control, 1st edn. International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France. Szczepura, A. (2005). ‘Access to health care for ethnic minority populations’. Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 81(953), pp. 141-147. Vassall, A., & University of Amsterdam. (2009). The Costs and cost-effectiveness of tuberculosis control. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. Watson, J. M., and Maguire. H.C (1997). ‘PHLS work on the surveillance and epidemiology of tuberculosis.’ Communicable disease report. CDR review 7.8, pp. R110-2. World Health Organization. (2009). Global tuberculosis control: Epidemiology, strategy, financing : WHO report 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization. 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Internet Marketing in Business Essay

Learning Outcomes 1. Know what role internet marketing has within a modern marketing context 2. Understand the benefits of internet marketing to customers 3. Understand the opportunities offered to businesses by internet marketing 4. Understand the challenges faced by businesses using internet marketing This assignment is my own work. If I have worked with someone else or have received help I have shown this clearly in my work. I have given references for all quotations and materials from the work of other people. Student signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Marking Criteria Pass Criteria to be met P1 describe the role internet marketing has within a modern marketing context P2 describe how selected organisations use internet marketing P3 explain the benefits to customers of a business using internet marketing P4 describe the benefits and opportunities to the business of using internet marketing within the marketing mix of a selected business P5 explain how internet marketing has made a selected business more efficient, effective and successful P6 explain the challenges of globalisation facing a selected  business when using the internet as a marketing tool Merit Criteria to be met M1 analyse the benefits of internet marketing to customers M2 analyse the marketing opportunities and challenges faced by a selected business when using internet marketing Distinction Criteria to be met D1 evaluate the effectiveness of internet marketing in meeting customer needs for a selected business Embedded English Skills Embedded Maths Skills Speaking and listening – make a range of contributions to discussions and make effective presentations in a wide range of contexts (giving presentations). Writing – write documents, including extended writing pieces, communicating information, ideas and opinions, effectively and persuasively (writing reports). Interpretation of numerical data Production of charts and tables from data Intra/Extrapolation of data to new situations Creation of case studies The Scenario 1. You will work in teams of three (maximum) people. Working individually is  allowed. 2. Each member of the team will keep a reflective diary logging their input into the team work which will be presented alongside their evidence at the end of the assignment. 3. Your team is acting as a consultancy for a business which is considering expanding their operations online. Your coursework will consist of the advice that you give this company. 4. Your will make FOUR pitches to this company, addressing the information required in the following briefs. 5. The format of the pitch is yours to decide. It must be a format which can be reviewed by a third party of necessary. Possible formats could include a written report, a presentation, a portfolio of evidence, a video or a recorded structured question and answer session etc. You are not required to use the same format to answer each brief. BRIEF ONE – P1, P2 Using examples from businesses with established online presences, describe the changes that internet marketing has delivered to the modern marketing concept, how the internet complements the traditional operations of these businesses and what benefits this use of the internet delivers for the businesses. Your pitch should include: (P1) how using the internet has changed the way companies interact with their customers (P1) which tools have been introduced to enable marketing on the internet (P1) how companies ascertain the wants and needs of the customer using the internet (P2) examples of how these tools are used by a number of businesses to market to customers (P2) examples of best practice in using the internet for marketing (P2) how internet marketing is integrated with more traditional marketing media BRIEF TWO – P3, M1 Carry out primary and secondary research into the customer experience of marketing on the internet and present the benefits that have been delivered  to these customers. This brief must be informed by actual experiences and should take into account both positive and negative responses from customers. Your pitch should include: (P3) examples of benefits to customers that have come as a result of internet marketing (P3) positive and negative case studies of customer experiences of internet marketing (M1) analyse how internet marketing builds on conventional offline marketing practices. (M1) give a detailed explanation of the effect use of internet marketing tools to enhance the customer experience. BRIEF THREE – P4, P5, P6, M2 Present the client with a guide to the practical methodology of marketing online. This should include reference to marketing strategy, including but not limited to the marketing mix, the changes to operations which will result in greater effectiveness and efficiency and the impact of moving from a local to a global business audience. It should also detail the challenges that would face the business and make recommendations on how to overcome them. Your pitch should include: (P4) an outline of the benefits and opportunities for an organisation of using internet marketing. (P4) a case study of an organisation which uses internet marketing which details their usage, using the marketing mix as a framework. (P5) an explanation of efficiency gains that can be achieved through the use of internet marketing. (P5) examples of the usage of internet marketing techniques to achieve effective and successful outcomes for organisations. (P6) examples of the impact of globalisation on organisations that use the internet for marketing. (P6) how do businesses modify their online presence to suit a global audience? (M2) an analysis of the opportunities and challenges that internet marketing creates for an organisation. (M2) detailed examples of instances where organisations have  overcome these challenges. BRIEF FOUR – D1 Present a case study of an existing business which has introduced an online marketing and/or sales function and evaluate the impact that internet marketing has had on the organisation and its customers. This brief also requires you to identify the needs of the customers and detail how they have been addressed by internet marketing. Your final pitch should include: (D1) a detailed case study of a selected business showing how they use internet marketing to achieve their aims and objectives. (D1) a detailed explanation of the wants and needs of the customers of the business. (D1) an explanation of how the use of internet marketing meets these wants and needs. (D1) an explanation of how the use of internet marketing fails to meet these wants and needs. (D1) recommendations of how the selected business could improve their internet marketing to become more efficient and effective, justified with examples of best practice and innovators in the area. RESUBMISSION FEEDBACK/DATE: SUMMATIVE FEEDBACK: STUDENT REFLECTION: UNIT GRADE: Grade (please circle) Points (please circle) P / M / D 70/ 80/ 90 Learner Declaration: Name & Signature: I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own work. I have clearly referenced any sources used in the work. I understand that false declaration is a form of malpractice. Tutor Signature: Date:

Free Essays on Similarities And Relationships Of Love And Hate

â€Å"love† and â€Å"hate,† some think of them being opposites and others think they are related. I feel that the two are both of those and plus the added feature that when one is involved the other is as well. In the drama â€Å"Othello† written by William Shakespeare, each character shows a form of hate and love. For example, Iago is a person one would think of as the definition of evil but he does love as well as hate; he loves to hate. There is no other explanation for his need to be so evil. One can even see that he hates the woman he loves. He shows this by talking of trying to sleep with Desdemona to get back at Othello for something of his own imagination. If he didn’t hate his wife then why would he talk of cheating on her just to get back at Othello for something Iago has no proof of? Iago plays with the power of my theory of â€Å"where there is love, there is hate and where there is hate, there is love,† by turning Othello against Desdemona. Iago messes with the fact that Othello loves Desdemona and turns it into a hatred. He hates because he loved. If Othello hadn’t loved there would have been no hatred. Iago realizes that hate is strengthened by love and uses that as a weapon. He loved to see people hate. Roderigo is the venetian gentleman that loved one so much that he hated the one that she loved. The love and hate is not directly related in this example but shows how one persons love can cause another persons hatred. Brabantio is the father that had the love of her daughter split in two. He only received half her love after Othello came into the picture and stole the other half. He became outraged with the fact that Othello had done this to him so he grew some hatred for the â€Å"moor.† One that would love without knowing whether he loves or not, like Othello, causes there significant other to hate falling in love. The reason for this is that they themselves... Free Essays on Similarities And Relationships Of Love And Hate Free Essays on Similarities And Relationships Of Love And Hate When one thinks of the meanings of the words â€Å"love† and â€Å"hate,† some think of them being opposites and others think they are related. I feel that the two are both of those and plus the added feature that when one is involved the other is as well. In the drama â€Å"Othello† written by William Shakespeare, each character shows a form of hate and love. For example, Iago is a person one would think of as the definition of evil but he does love as well as hate; he loves to hate. There is no other explanation for his need to be so evil. One can even see that he hates the woman he loves. He shows this by talking of trying to sleep with Desdemona to get back at Othello for something of his own imagination. If he didn’t hate his wife then why would he talk of cheating on her just to get back at Othello for something Iago has no proof of? Iago plays with the power of my theory of â€Å"where there is love, there is hate and where there is hate, there is love,† by turning Othello against Desdemona. Iago messes with the fact that Othello loves Desdemona and turns it into a hatred. He hates because he loved. If Othello hadn’t loved there would have been no hatred. Iago realizes that hate is strengthened by love and uses that as a weapon. He loved to see people hate. Roderigo is the venetian gentleman that loved one so much that he hated the one that she loved. The love and hate is not directly related in this example but shows how one persons love can cause another persons hatred. Brabantio is the father that had the love of her daughter split in two. He only received half her love after Othello came into the picture and stole the other half. He became outraged with the fact that Othello had done this to him so he grew some hatred for the â€Å"moor.† One that would love without knowing whether he loves or not, like Othello, causes there significant other to hate falling in love. The reason for this is that they themselves...

Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens

Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens Answers to Reader Questions About Hyphens By Mark Nichol Questions about hyphens come up often in correspondence from Daily Writing Tips readers. I’ve answered a few of the queries here. 1. Should â€Å"higher cost† and â€Å"higher earning† be hyphenated in â€Å"replace higher cost funding and â€Å"repurpose collateral into higher earning assets†? Yes, to clarify that you’re referring to funding that is higher cost, not cost funding that is higher, and assets that are higher earning, not earning assets that are higher, hyphenate in both cases. (Even though â€Å"cost funding† and â€Å"earning assets† are not standing phrases, the hyphens help readers avoid being distracted by reading them that way.) 2. I would have expected some nagging [in this post] about the hyphen; would it not be better to have torch-bearer or torchbearer [in place of â€Å"torch bearer†]? You’re right I used the correct form of torchbearer in my commentary but neglected to notice and note that the tattoo incorrectly styles the word as an open compound. I guess I was distracted. Treatment of various open compounds with a common element aren’t necessarily consistent: One who bears a torch is a torchbearer, but one who bears a standard is a standard-bearer, and one who bears an ensign (essentially the same as a standard) is an ensign bearer. It’s nearly unbearable. 3. Nice list [of reduplicative doublets]. I’m intrigued some of them are hyphenated and some not. I wonder what the deciding factor is for that. Good point about the hyphenation; I should have included a note about that. Because English has never had a body that regulates standards, inclusion or exclusion of hyphens in such constructions, as in many other language matters, is arbitrarily and inconsistently based on a variety of factors. 4. Given your recent article on possessives, I wanted to write in with a question. There is typically a notice period of thirty, sixty, or ninety days required before an investor is allowed to redeem. How does one state this? I’ve seen it as â€Å"ninety days’ notice† (as if the notice belonged to the ninety days) and â€Å"ninety days notice.† I typically restate it as â€Å"ninety day notice period† to avoid this ambiguity, but then I’m not sure if that should properly be â€Å"ninety-day† or if the dash is not needed. The correct form is â€Å"ninety days’ notice (meaning â€Å"notice of ninety days†). The phrase is written in the genitive case, in which a noun modifies another noun, usually in the form of one noun possessing the other (â€Å"ninety days notice† is common but incorrect). If you continue to use your alternative phrasing, a hyphen should connect ninety and days â€Å"ninety-day notice period† but I recommend â€Å"ninety days’ notice.† 5. Thanks for the funny signs [link to post]! â€Å"Shouldn’t â€Å"ill advised’ and ‘well educated’ have been hyphenated in your examples? Phrasal adjectives such as the ones you mentioned, often hyphenated before a noun, should be styled without a hyphen when they follow the noun. Here’s a post about that particular point; you’ll find more posts about phrasal adjectives by searching for that phrase on this site. Note: Many Daily Writing Tips readers ask questions about various language issues in the comment field for a post, while others send queries as an email message to the site. We welcome your notes, but please comment rather than email; that way, other site visitors will be able to read your questions and my responses as well as notes from other readers. (I try to answer all specific requests for information or clarification or refer readers to existing applicable content, though sometimes I rely on other readers to weigh in on comments.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionGrammatical Case in English

Theories and Principles that Govern Ethical Decision Making in Research Paper

Theories and Principles that Govern Ethical Decision Making in Medicine - Research Paper Example the systematic inquiry into man’s moral behavior with the purpose of discovering the rules that ought to govern human action and the goods that are worth seeking in human life†. These ethical standards governing the existence of human life also encompass the realm of medical entities. This essay is written to present the underlying theoretical concepts and principles governing ethical decision making in the field of medicine. In addition, it aims to determine the ways in which conflicts of interest inherent in various financial and organizational arrangements for the practice of medicine can pose threats to the medical professionalism. There are basically five underlying theoretical framework for ethical decision making in the medical profession, to wit: deontological theory (what one must do, based on duties and obligations), teleological theory (the purpose or consequences of the moral acts), consequentialist theory (the moral value of an act, rule or policy is to be found in its consequences, not in intentions or motives), virtue ethics (seen in the way we feel is the ‘right’ way to behave towards patients and to colleagues) and casuistry (or case based reasoning, does not focus on rules and theories but rather on practical decision-making in particular cases based on precedent). (Slowther, et.al. 2004) Slowther, et.al. (2004) averred that â€Å"Beauchamp and Childress’ Four Principles approach is one of the most widely used frameworks and offers a broad consideration of medical ethics issues generally, not just for use in a clinical setting†. These principles are: â€Å"(1) respect for autonomy: respecting the decision-making capacities of autonomous persons; enabling individuals to make reasoned informed choices), (2) beneficence: balancing benefits of treatment against the risks and costs; the healthcare professional should act in a way that benefits the patient, (3) non maleficence: avoiding causing harm; the healthcare professional should not

The Vietnam War's impact on the United States both economically and Essay

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Personal Statement on Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Statement on Ethics - Essay Example Division of ethical area is figured out by philosophers. Meta Ethics Meta Ethics explore the root of ethical principles and the message they convey. It highlights universal truth, strength of God and intention behind ethical decision. It includes emotions of an individual in certain situation (Vendemiati, 2004). Normative Ethics It comprises of good communication skills, responsibilities that we must follow and control our behavior in convenient manner. Normative Ethics are more towards practical solutions. Act which should be done and main reason behind it. To leave whatever defined as a wrong (Levinas, 1969). Applied Ethics It involves the investigation on limited controversial issues. Controversial issues like infanticide, abortion, environmental affairs, nuclear war, animal rights, capital punishment and homosexuality (Lyon, 1999). Personal Values I am a human being who prefers to behave in ethically and morally correct ways. Ethics are important to me. Evil thoughts may force on e to take wrong actions and hurt other. There are steps a person takes in life out of jealousy to reach some goal in life which is very important. People take ethically wrong steps basically when they want to achieve their desired goals and to do that they are willing to take any steps, positive or negative. I do not believe in short cuts. I believe in achieving my goals, through my own efforts and by following the right path. My belief is to serve humanity in every possible manner. I prefer to apply my knowledge and skills to contribute to the society and serve others. I believe that one should try to socialize and make friends. Obey laws to make this world a better place. Contribute peace, remain loyal, try to be honest as much as possible, work hard and help others, respect social rights of others. Keep the surroundings clean. Give liberty to others. Take suggestions from others before making decisions. Don’t impose orders. To me, following these above mentioned facts is f ollowing an ethically correct code in life. Differentiate right form wrong: It is human perception to define right and wrong. Something which is right for one is not correct for others. To me ethical values are created by social setup, religion and legal laws. First of all there are some aspects which are right for everyone like peace, friendship, love, truth, liberty, freedom, practical solutions and good deeds. Such aspects are considered as ethical intuition. Second thing we approach is our religion. As a student, I am interested in study of religions, and I have noted that almost all popular religions of the world preach humanity and ethical behavior. Consider Buddhism, enlightened awareness of Buddha is considered. Buddha was a peace loving human being and the religion he has preached also talks about equal rights and ethical conduct. These ethics includes no killing, lying, intoxicants, stealing, and sexual misconduct. In Christianity ethical values include love, mercy, grace and forgiveness. Forgiveness is important because humans commit sins (Fagothey, 2000). If we cannot forgive each other our grudges will not let us human beings behave ethically. In Islam ethical values are to follow the Allah and His prophet Muhammad (Peace Be upon Him). Muslims are accountable for every good and bad deed in the end of this world. Third thing is the law and

JOB ANALYSIS MATERIALS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

JOB ANALYSIS MATERIALS - Assignment Example Described product to customers and accurately explained details and care of merchandise. Customer-focused retail sales associate with a solid understanding of the dynamics of the retail industry. Results-driven Customer Services Representative with proven ability to establish rapport with clients. Greeting customers entering the store to describe our products. Explain and introduce the Youth Olympic Games to both Chinese and foreign customers. Help conduct weekly and monthly sales report and care of merchandise. Organized weekly sales reports for the sales department to track product success. Greeted customers entering the store to ascertain what each customer wanted or needed. Described product to customers and accurately explained details and care of merchandise Customer-focused retail sales associate with a solid understanding of the dynamics of the retail industry. Results-driven Customer Services Representative with proven ability to establish rapport with clients. Greeting customers entering the store to describe our products. Explain and introduce the Youth Olympic Games to both Chinese and foreign customers. Help conduct weekly and monthly sales report and care of merchandise. Organized weekly sales reports for the sales department to track product success. Greeted customers entering the store to ascertain what each customer wanted or needed. Described product to customers and accurately explained details and care of

Services Marketing - Bachelor of Business Essay

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Staffing Plan for a Growing Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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JOB ANALYSIS MATERIALS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Staffing Plan for a Growing Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business - Assignment Example The assembly-line employees have to take a practical test in order to prove their proficiency in their area of expertise whereas, any experienced lawyer can join the organization as contract administrator. The post will be part-time in nature because the company will not be able to afford a legal expert as a regular employee. The assembly line technicians will get paid on daily basis in order to keep the relevant costs lower in order to enhance the profitability of the company in the opening days. However, once the orders are secured, and the company will start supplying surveillance cameras to different states then, it will be in position to take traditional approach towards organizational structure and culture. In the meanwhile, it has to operate with a loosely coupled system because the future is uncertain to say the least. The volume of sales will cement the identity of the organization or it will destroy the company altogether. The post of control engineer will be permanent beca use his presence will be required at all times. The company will have to make a serious effort in order to provide the employees with healthy environment to work in, and if it cannot do so then, the workers will reserve the right to proceed with legal proceedings upon finding working conditions unsatisfactory. The company at the same time has to offer them minimum wages so that they cannot take the matter to the court as well (Fevre, Robinson, Lewis, & Jones, 2013). Larger percentage of the employees will be doing temporary work, and therefore, they will not have any right to claim healthcare benefits. However, the company has to maintain onsite emergency healthcare service in order to deal with unfortunate mishaps. The practice of staffing does not constitute a random process, but it is rather a sophisticated one indeed, because it has to establish job descriptions, job analyses, and payrolls as well. All of the abovementioned

Environmental and Ecological Issues in Robyn Eckersley’s Perspective Essay Example for Free

Environmental and Ecological Issues in Robyn Eckersley’s Perspective Essay Robyn Eckersley, a renowned environmentalist believes that ecocentric theorists do not claim that anthropocentrism is the sole or original cause of the ecological crisis. She also reflects that environmental crisis is the outcome of humanity’s joyful and spontaneous instincts due to repressive social and psychic division of labor. As a matter of fact, she contends to the idea that it is the rise of material paradigms that people are in need of reconciliation with nature. She notes that utilitarianism in its very state undermined the essence of the environment which is why the veil of knowledge worn by the society is covering them thus colonizing the life-world. Eckersley examined the deontology of ethics inclined with the aim of making the recent topographical shifts within the field that are less â€Å"unknown to us (Eckersley). † To note, she states â€Å"utilitarian and eudaimonistic or therefore theological moral philosophy derives difference between good and evil from the effects which actions and attributes by nature have for the form of life of the actor and his environment (Louden). † In further illustration, she meant that the good deeds can conveyed as those that are considerably favorable effects for human welfare, while those that bring about the opposite are otherwise. Hence, this connotation also falls on the deliberative state of intuitive and formalistic ethics. Although Eckersley favors a rights discourse as a way to include the natural world in a liberal system, she admits that, â€Å"†¦the rights discourse becomes considerably strained (in all its dimensions) when we come to consider ecological entities (Eckersley). † She defines multiple human activities to be the cumulative result of the ecosystem’s components and that today’s approach towards this epidemic will not ensure sustainability. In essence, she is not against any form human-driven doings; however, she is not favor of the manner that it handles the resources that in the light provides for the very existence of human beings. The harvesting of the planet’s resources is seen to be detrimental to the future of the ecosystem and if such is prolonged, survival will be provided only for the few. Socialist critique of liberalism in comparison with the ecological state will differ in terms of morality and the deontology of ethics. It is apparent that not all deeds are the same when it comes to utilitarianism, sometimes, the ecosystem, being unable to air its share of sentiments, id reprimanded and oftentimes taken for granted (Rice). Humans are subject to care for those of its kind and the environment is not considered to be a part of it. In consequence, such is an irony, given that the human beings live and survive with the help of a healthy ecosystem—without the ecosystem, the members of the society will not be able to live. Policies, regulations and management may have changed over time. If compared to the previous century where not all are aware of the threat and the challenge of sustainability, the contemporary era now gives regard to narrowing the problems and eradicate or at least moderate in the utilization of resources provided that there is a massive chance that it may no longer be available in the next 100 years. The signs of climate change is a proof that laws would need to focus on combining good deeds not only for the people that it serves but also to detain the precautionary measures that may possibly harm the humanity.Accordingly guidance is considered necessary on the position of ecosystem mechanism that may be at risk (Rice). Works Cited Eckersley, Robyn. Liberal Democracy and the Rights of Nature: The Struggle for Inclusion. Environmental Politics 4. 4 (1995). Louden, Robert B. Toward a Genealogy of Deontology. Journal of the History of Philosophy 34. 4 (1996). Rice, Jake. Can We Manage Ecosystems in a Sustainable Way? A symposium on Sustainable Management of Marine Living Resources 60. 1-2 (2008). doi:10. 1016/j. seares. 2008. 02. 002.

Network Aware Adaptive Media Streaming in Mobile Cloud

Network Aware Adaptive Media Streaming in Mobile Cloud Authors Name/s per 1st Affiliation (Author) line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2-name of organization, acronyms acceptable line 3-City, Country line 4-e-mail address if desired Authors Name/s per 2nd Affiliation (Author) line 1 (of Affiliation): dept. name of organization line 2-name of organization, acronyms acceptable line 3-City, Country line 4-e-mail address if desired Abstract—This electronic document is a â€Å"live† template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet. *CRITICAL: Do Not Use Symbols, Special Characters, or Math in Paper Title or Abstract. (Abstract) Keywords—multimedia streaming; mobile cloud; ranking; QoS I. Introduction In recent years, mobility of computing devices has caught the fascination and attention of many users all over the world. This has led to rapid advancement in mobile technology and now users can easily stream high quality multimedia content like audio and video on the go. A huge limitation to this, however, is the loss of quality that is incurred while transferring the data. Due to the mobile nature of the devices, varying signal strength can lead to packet loss which ultimately leads to the reduction in the quality of service (QoS). In addition, the memory available in mobile devices is relatively low. To overcome these constraints, data is stored and retrieved from a cloud. Cloud computing addresses the QoS related issues and reliability problems. The cloud has a large amount of storage space and computation power. Harnessing the power of the cloud, it will be possible to service the needs of multiple mobile clients simultaneously. Using the cloud, it is possible to allocate resources on demand and reallocate them dynamically. In order to stream data from a cloud to a mobile device, a coding and decoding architecture like H264/SVC is necessary. This architecture is an extension of the H.264/AVC. It ensures that the same quality of video that can be obtained using H.264/MPEG-4 AVC design on the mobile device. It employs spatial scalability and temporal scalability. According to spatial scalability samples of high quality data can be predicted from their decoded low quality counterparts. Using temporal scalability, the entire video is modelled in such a way that the motion is encoded as dependencies so that the picture for subsequent frames need not be encoded directly. In order to boost QoS, a technique called Bayesian-Gaussian method is used to predict the bandwidth available to the mobile user. Once the bandwidth has been predicted, the data is encoded using xuggler transcoding algorithm. To finally stream the video, multipath routing protocols are used and ranks are provided to each node to ensure that none of them have to wait indefinitely to be serviced. Following this, a comparison is made to the existing Bayesian technique proposed by Keshav[1]. II. Related Work A. Mobile Cloud Compuing A mobile cloud computing setup is one in which mobile devices outsource the computational power of the cloud. Data storage and processing are both performed outside the mobile device. B. Streaming Content C. Role of Cache in Real Time Streaming The role of the cache has been outlined by Wu et al[2]. When a Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) request is sent by a machine, the cache memory is initially searched. In case a cache miss occurs, the original server services the request. D. Improving Quality of Service A number of different approaches have been proposed in order to ensure that the quality of service is maximized. One such method presented by Wang and Dey[3] uses a technique that varies the complexity of the content depending on the network. Non-essential data in a scene are omitted to accomplish this. Lai et al[4] have also put forth an approach to data streaming that depends on the network. Prediction of the bandwidth is done based on measured historical data. This will help prevent the wastage of bandwidth. It is also noted that the video format to be used is to be chosen. This is performed by a Bayesian prediction module. A third approach is detailed by Thuy An et al[5]. Enhancements are made to the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) in order to provide an overall better experience. The data separated into two categories and compressed. Lossless techniques are used to provide the best possible output. E. Ranking The various approaches mentioned in the previous section discuss improving QoS with respect to one user. But in reality, the cloud is simultaneously accessed by more than just one user. For this reason, it is important to ensure that there is some scheduling mechanism in place that will monitor the incoming requests so that no client request is forced to wait for too long without being serviced. Zhou et al[6] have proposed a novel approach in which all the competing mobile devices work together to minimize congestion. This approach aims to strike a balance between reducing the distortion in data and increasing the performance of the network as a whole. III. Proposed Work The proposed model has two major components: the mobile device and the cloud. The mobile device simply issues the request while the cloud provides a rank, predicts the bandwidth and then streams the video accordingly. The architecture has been outlined in Fig.1. A. Mobile Device The implementation of the mobile portion of the architecture is fairly straight forward. The user is provided with the option to specify the location of the video in the cloud server. Then, the cache is check to see if the requested data is available. If it is, the data is transferred directly from the cache. This type of cached data will be accessible offline as well. In the case where a cache miss occurs, the server is accessed to retrieve the data. B. The Cloud The videos that are to be stream are stored in a separate database. When a request is made, the video is streamed using the cloud. In order to do this, three major modules are implemented in the cloud. In the cloud, the users are ranked and then the bandwidth available is estimated. Finally, xuggler transcoding is used to encode the data and the encoded data is transferred to the mobile device for viewing. Each operation is handled by a different module as show in Fig.2. C. Bandwidth Prediction D. Xuggler Transcoding E. Ranking The ranking module is used to ensure that QoS is improved while transmitting the data. Once the bandwidth has been determined, the data has to be sent in such a way that the congestion in the network is as low as possible. Ranking is done based on the user profile. The user profile contains a history of the user’s downloads as well as the bandwidth measured. Poorly performing nodes in the system are identified using this ranking system and they can be enhanced to improve the overall functioning of the network as a whole. F. Channel Assignment Once ranking is done, multipath routing algorithms are used to transfer the data. Link states are determined and the several feasible paths are selected. Since several paths are selected, the chances of congestion and packet loss are reduced. The most suitable channel for transmission of the data can be determined by solving the linear programming equation Min (1) The process of selecting the best channel is shown in Fig. 3. IV. Output The proposed system has been implemented and its results have been compared with that of the Keshav’s Bayesian technique. It can be seen that the proposed system works better than Keshav’s system consistently. Comparative studies have been undertaken on the basis of bandwidth and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). A. Bandwidth The bandwidth predicted by the proposed system is a lot closer to the actual measured bandwidth than that predicted by Keshav’s system. The graph in Fig.4 clearly shows the deviation of both techniques from the actual measured bandwidth. B. PSNR and Bit Rate The quality of the video streamed can be determined based on the bit rate as well as the PSNR. The proposed system performs better than Keshav’s system on both counts. This is shown in the graph in Fig.5. C. Video Quality The comparative study only shows us how the system works in comparison to Keshav’s existing system. To determine the effectiveness of this system, a detailed study of the video quality was performed and has been summarized in Table 1. Conclusion It is clear from the studies undertaken that the proposed Bayesian-Gaussian technique works well at predicting the bandwidth available. The xuggler transcoding also ensures that quality is preserved. Thus, using a mobile cloud it is possible to stream videos without a loss in quality and also without forcing the user to wait for the video to load. Acknowledgment (Heading 5) The preferred spelling of the word â€Å"acknowledgment† in America is without an â€Å"e† after the â€Å"g.† Avoid the stilted expression â€Å"one of us (R. B. G.) thanks †. Instead, try â€Å"R. B. G. thanks†. Put sponsor acknowledgments in the unnumbered footnote on the first page. References The template will number citations consecutively within brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket [2]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]—do not use â€Å"Ref. [3]† or â€Å"reference [3]† except at the beginning of a sentence: â€Å"Reference [3] was the first † Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes. Unless there are six authors or more give all authors’ names; do not use â€Å"et al.†. Papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as â€Å"unpublished† [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication should be cited as â€Å"in press† [5]. Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [6]. G. Eason, B. Noble, and I.N. Sneddon, â€Å"On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,† Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551, April 1955. (references) J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68-73. I.S. Jacobs and C.P. Bean, â€Å"Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy,† in Magnetism, vol. III, G.T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350. K. Elissa, â€Å"Title of paper if known,† unpublished. R. Nicole, â€Å"Title of paper with only first word capitalized,† J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press. Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, â€Å"Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface,† IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740-741, August 1987 [Digests 9th Annual Conf. Magnetics Japan, p. 301, 1982]. M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.

The Benefits of Living in America. Essay -- USA, ESL essays

Fireworks cracking and lighting up the sky, hot dogs cooking on the grill, and a cold drink in a red, white, and blue paper cup. It is the forth of July, Independence day, the day Americans put all of their worries to the side to celebrate the freedom of the country that they live in, America. Those who live in the USA may experience more freedom and comfort then those who live in other parts of the world. America is highly praised for their education, diverse crowds, and socially accepting everyone despite their race, religion, or special needs. Many people from all over the world come to America to get a better education then the one being offered to them by their own country, mainly because of it's elite schools, endless study choices, and flexablility. Having the choice of where, what...

Chitosan and Weight Loss :: Health Diet Essays

Chitosan and Weight Loss Just What They Want To Hear Everyone enjoys a good fatty meal from McDonald's, KFC, or any other fast food restaurant from time to time. Or maybe just a bag of chips, a candy bar, or an ice cream cone. All of these are food items which people consume on a regular basis and are full of fat. For years, the public has worried about the intake of fat from items such as these and has almost obsessed over weight, figures, and fat. With all the hype about liquid diets, diet pills, diet programs, etc. who wouldn't jump at the idea of an all natural solution. The makers of this product has certainly done their share of work to create an image truly appealing to any and all that dream of losing that extra fat. This probable solution is called chitosan and is simply a fat inhibitor which appears to work miracles for those in search of a safe way to lose that body fat. The information surrounding this product is extremely impressive and appears to justify a revolutionary new discovery. However, is this truly wh at it is dressed up to be or is it yet another gimmick? Chitosan: Where did it come from? Regardless of chitosan's miraculous overview, it is a very simple substance which has been around for ages. It is taken from chitin, a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans. It is processed by removing the shells from shellfish such as shrimp, lobster, and crabs. The shells are then ground into a pulverous powder. This powder is then deacetylated, or basically stripped of specific chemical groups which allows the compound to thus actively "soak up fats." Or so this is what the producers claim. It has been used in the past in the process of detoxifying water. It was simply spread over the surface of water, where it would immediately absorb any toxic substances such as greases, oils, or dangerous heavy metals. The process is so complete that a scum forms over the surface of water and is then easily removed. For this reason, chitosan is extremely popular all over the world in water purification plants. The present form of chitosan has just been introduced recently as a

Good Education vs. Bad Education Essay

Persuasive Research Paper By; Karen Elzy Date: July 25, 2010 Course: COM 220 Teacher: Sherry Ann Smith Good Education vs. Bad Education Does one think he or she can get very far without having a great education? Statistics shows that people with a great education are much more successful than those who do not receive a great education. Many people who graduate from high school and college are guaranteed to get a better job and higher position than those who have never finish their high school or college education. There are some teachers, doctors, lawyers, journalists, and many other higher educated people who have succeeded with farther education than people who wish not to succeed and not get an education. Good education is better than bad education because the outcome will be much greater with a good education than with a bad one. Nelson Mandela stated that, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which one can use to change the world. † This is true. Every human should want to be educated, because the world is full of technology which influences our world greatly. People who are not educated enough will surely be uniformed and left behind in today’s society. Technology is in business officers, schools, hospitals, doctor offices, stores, homes, and many other places. Today, the school systems start off with teaching the students how to use computers in kindergarten. The students are using this knowledge that they have learned from school and relating it to their parents. Parents should keep their children in school so they can learn everything which being taught by the instructor, and by doing this, the outcome will be rewarding. Teachers are a gift to students and parents because they are teaching the students everything that there is to learn about education. Without teachers, students will not learn the knowledge they need to succeed in this world without a good education. Many surveys show that a good teacher from the 1920-1980’s are more experienced in age in teaching than those teachers who are fresh out of college. Older teachers have more experience and knowledge in child development than college teacher who just beginning and this really matters. Many new teachers cannot explain problems to their students when they write it on the broad. This is what I call bad education, because the student cannot figure the problem out either. When students are failing because of these situations this is when the teacher should call the parent in to see if they could work out a way to help solve this problem together. Many teachers today are not concern about the outcome of their students, so it is very important for the parent keep in contact with that teacher and their child grades. This is when bad education is a part of the student and the teacher who is teaching. Many student drops out of school because of lack of consistency they receive. Having a good education will ensure one to have a better job than anyone who does not have an education. By continuing one’s education and getting a college degree, applying for major jobs will not be such a hassle. The reason being is because most companies directly look at the education section of an application or resume. The perks with having a good job will be such as: paid vacations, top salaries, 401k, good insurance packages, and many others. Many people may start out in a great established company and learn everything about it; then continue or progress their own business and become more successful than that previous business. Having knowledge causes all these successes. How can one have a good job without learning skills from education? Many jobs are skilled and furthering education will help with a much more skilled jobs or profession. Encouraging education by talking to the students will bring love, wealth, values, and family respect. When students feel they do not have any encouragement they will drop out of school, some will go to jail, depression, drug abuse, and steal: the results of this are a mind is a terrible thing to waste. Going to school is not just about being there physically. It is important to pay really close attention to what the instructor is teaching. Clowning around would be a very horrible idea. This can cause one to miss important information for one’s future workplace. Employers will not take him or her seriously if they look at one’s transcript and thinks they have goofed off while in school. They will think that it will be brought to their workplace. Furthermore, paying attention will guarantee one the skills that can help in their future workplace this can help one to advance faster than other employees. This can help one to get a promotion and earn a better pay. Having a bad education will really hurt one. Going to a school in which appropriate information is not taught is not such a good idea. This will cause someone not to find a good job. Employers may think that important skills are lacked of their job. Bad education will definitely not lead to a great place. Poverty will be definitely in question that will cause one’s family to suffer. In question why would one want to suffer do to this bad outcome? The economy today is suffering enough, and education should be ones top priority to help with tomorrow’s economy. The economy is suffering from lack of jobs and has caused many people to become homeless. If some of the people would have finish their education then some of them would not be homeless due to the economy. Many homeless children do not attend school because of their situation. Many kids are being teased by other children because of their homeless situation, this cause a problem in education as well. Homeless kids are rated highly in education than some children who attend daily. Many children miss out on education because of being homeless. Many people were deprived of continuing their education due to lack of funding. Today people are successfully continuing their education because of grants and low interest rates on loans for education. There are people who have not attended school for a long period and due to available funds have returned. The president of the United States of America has helped make this possible for adults and others to go back to school. Many opportunities through programs as these help to better education. If some of these programs were offered earlier maybe most people would have finished school. There are things that can cause bad education. For example, mental and physical abuse can cause one to have a low self esteem about them. If someone were to lose a parent or someone close to them this would cause him or her to avoid school. Many kids bully other kids and cause them to drop out or not wanting to return to school at all. Parents need to pay close attention to his or her children in order to make sure he or she is not facing any of these problems. Many schools pay close attention to children attitudes to see if any changes have occurred. There have been many reports about abuse and kids who suffer in their education because of such reason. There are after school programs to help further children education, and to help working parent who do not have the proper time with helping their children with their homework. These programs are designed to help with homework, study skills, testing, and behavior conduct. There are many dedicated teachers and teacher aides who take the time out to help children advance in his or her education. Many parents are very grateful to these teachers and teacher aides for their time and effort in helping his or her children. Through these programs many children have passed leaped and other important test for school. These children who attend these programs have good study habits and are very dedicated to their learning. The outcome help the children score higher on different test and help them to become honor and respectable. Distinguishing good and bad education is not hard to do. A good education can include a school and/or instructor meeting and talking to their students. A good school and/or instructor will build their student’s confidence to make them feel like learning, participating in classroom activities, and getting to know the students parents. A good education can also include such things as, after school tutoring, respecting and giving respect, and make their students get involved; however, it is not limited to these things. Having a good education guide will make the student understand all material efficiently. For example, the instructor will make sure everything is explained fluently and is understood, their classroom will be in order. They will make sure the material is not boring and make sure their students are alert; they will care and make sure to encourage their students on how important their work is and how far it will take them in life if they complete it and earn their diplomas. A bad education is kicking out a student for asking a question that the instructor may have answered or may have not; patience is very important when it comes to education. If an instructor is rude and unenthusiastic, it can make the student feel as if they need not to complete the course. However, if the instructor stop and help challenge them, the student will look forward to getting their education and make sure to make every class. If an instructor shows that they are only there to get a paycheck, this can more than likely stop the enthusiasm of the student. A bad instructor can indeed make their student feel dumb which can cause a student to be a dropout and end up as a statistic. Remember education is important so the school, instructor, and student shall take it seriously. A good education will help one get a great job that has a good pay and great benefits. The result of a good education can lead to making friends that can be there for a lifetime and a possible business partner. However, if one receives a bad education, if can lead to a road of failure. Bad education will really hurt one in the long run; he or she may not be able to get a good job, a steady job, and may end up living in poverty. Employers may think that one lack some skills and give one a very low position and may be even under paid. The economy will not suffer if everyone would stay in school and receive their education. Thanks to the many opportunities of grants and loans to help further education, it can really make everyone’s future bright. If people would pay close attention to kids they can see if they are facing major problems that are preventing one from their education. After school programs are very helpful in helping students to advance in their studies, and it is also a great tool to their parents as well. In order for one to succeed, one must be in an effective school system with reliable material being taught. One must also have an instructor to encourage them and help out if the understanding is not present. Encouraging education by talking to the students will bring love, wealth, values, and family respect. If the encouragement is not present and/or a bad education would be received by the student which can cause them all kinds of downfalls in the future. Staying in school, being focused and getting their proper education are the goals in being successful. In conclusion, good education is better than a bad education because the outcome is much better and the future will look much better with a good education rather than a bad education. As Nelson Mandela says, â€Å"Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world†. Many doctors, lawyers, engineers, writers, public speakers, and even teachers and students have really changed our world today. Education is the key to everyone’s success story. Good Education Vs. Bad Education References Hein, Karen. â€Å"Young People as Assets: A Foundation View. † Social Policy 30. 1 (1999): 20. General One File. Web. 13 June 2010.